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Psychiatry News

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  • Different signal paths for spontaneous and deliberate activation of memories
    Entirely different signal paths and parts of the brain are involved when you try to remember something and when you just happen to remember something, prompted by a smell, a picture, or a word, for instance.

  • Massage eases anxiety, but no better than simple relaxation does
    A randomized trial shows three months after 10 massages, patients' anxiety symptoms were halved -- an improvement like that previously reported with psychotherapy, medications, or both. But the trial also found massage no more effective than simple relaxation.

  • Behavioral problems in childhood doubles the risk of chronic widespread pain in adult life
    Bad behavior in childhood is associated with long-term, chronic widespread pain in adult life, according to the findings of a study following nearly 20,000 people from birth in 1958 to the present day. The research found that children with severe behavior disturbances had approximately double the risk of chronic widespread pain by the time they reached the age of 45 than children who did not have behavior problems.

  • Mouse model reveals a cause of ADHD
    Although it's typically considered an adolescent curse, ADHD actually affects about five percent of adults as well. New research in a mouse model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder suggests that the root of the psychiatric disorder might be the over-activity of a protein that regulates dopaminergic pathways. The work suggests a path toward new treatments for symptoms including inattentiveness, over-activity and impulsivity.

  • Link between brain chemical, cognitive decline in schizophrenia demonstrated
    In one of the first such studies involving human patients with schizophrenia, researchers have provided evidence that deficits in a brain chemical may be responsible for some of the debilitating cognitive deficits -- poor attention, memory and problem-solving abilities -- that accompany the delusions and hallucinations that are the hallmarks of the disorder.

  • New scale to measure anxiety outcomes developed
    A new questionnaire and outcomes measurement scale has proven to be a reliable and valid measure of anxiety. The scale can easily be incorporated into routine clinical practice when treating psychiatric disorders.

  • Possible early glimpse of autism's impact on older siblings
    A new study suggests a trend toward developing hyperactivity among typically developing elementary-school-aged siblings of autistic preschoolers and supports the notion that mothers of young, autistic children experience more depression and stress than mothers with typically developing children.

  • Vitamin D lifts mood during cold weather months, researchers say
    A daily dose of vitamin D may just be what people in northern climates need to get through the long winter, according to researchers. This nutrient lifts mood during cold weather months when days are short and more time is spent indoors.

  • Major depression more than doubles risk of dementia among adults with diabetes
    Adults with both depression and diabetes are more than twice as likely to develop dementia compared to those with diabetes alone. Earlier studies have shown that depression alone is a risk factor for dementia, and that diabetes itself is a dementia risk factor. Researchers found even greater risk of dementia in people with both conditions. The mechanisms behind this increased risk are not yet clear. The researchers suggest that physicians screen and treat their diabetes patients for depression, which is common in people with diabetes.

  • Outreach program brings relief to traumatized London bombing survivors
    A new mental health outreach program set up after the 2005 London bombings has successfully identified and treated hundreds of survivors.

  • One-page questionnaire is effective screening tool for common psychiatric disorders
    A one-page, 27-item questionnaire that is available free online is a valid and effective tool to help primary care doctors screen patients for four common psychiatric illnesses, a new study concludes.

  • The truth about online dating and the link between depression and relational uncertainty
    There's no doubt that meeting partners on the Internet is a growing trend. But can we trust the information that people provide about themselves via online dating services? And why is depression so dissatisfying in relationships?

  • New generation of rapid-acting antidepressants?
    Conventional antidepressant treatments generally require three to four weeks to become effective, thus the discovery of treatments with a more rapid onset is a major goal of biological psychiatry. The first drug found to produce rapid improvement in mood was the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, ketamine. Researchers report that another medication, scopolamine, also appears to produce replicable rapid improvement in mood.

  • Critical brain chemical shown to play role in severe depression
    The next advance in treating major depression may relate to a group of brain chemicals that are involved in virtually all our brain activity, according to a new study. This study shows that compared to healthy individuals, people who have major depressive disorder have altered functions of the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).

  • Stress: Don't let it grind you down
    People who are stressed by daily problems or trouble at work seem to be more likely to grind their teeth at night. Researchers studied the causes of "sleep bruxism," gnashing teeth during the night, finding that it was especially common in those who try to cope with stress by escaping from difficult situations.

  • Offspring of two psychiatric patients have increased risk of developing mental disorders
    Offspring of two parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder appear more likely to develop the same illness or another psychiatric condition than those with only one parent with psychiatric illness, according to a new study.

  • Obesity associated with depression and vice versa
    Obesity appears to be associated with an increased risk of depression, and depression also appears associated with an increased risk of developing obesity, according to a meta-analysis of previously published studies.

  • Regular exercise reduces patient anxiety by 20 percent, study finds
    The anxiety that often accompanies a chronic illness can chip away at quality of life and make patients less likely to follow their treatment plan. But regular exercise can significantly reduce symptoms of anxiety, a new study shows.

  • Video games may help combat depression in older adults
    New research suggests a novel route to improving the symptoms of subsyndromal depression (SSD) in seniors through the regular use of "exergames" -- entertaining video games that combine game play with exercise. In a pilot study, the researchers found that use of exergames significantly improved mood and mental health-related quality of life in older adults with SSD.

  • Childhood stress such as abuse or emotional neglect can result in structural brain changes
    New research using magnetic resonance imaging shows that childhood stress such as abuse or emotional neglect, in particular when combined with genetic factors, can result in structural brain changes, rendering these people more vulnerable to developing depression.

  • Psychiatry's main method to prevent mistaken diagnoses of depression doesn't work: study
    A new empirically challenges the effectiveness of psychiatrists' official diagnostic manual in preventing mistaken, false-positive diagnoses of depression.

  • Belief in a caring god improves response to medical treatment for depression, study finds
    In patients diagnosed with clinical depression, belief in a concerned god can improve response to medical treatment, according to a new paper.

  • Stress hormone, depression trigger obesity in girls, study finds
    Depression raises stress hormone levels in adolescent boys and girls but may lead to obesity only in girls, according to researchers. Early treatment of depression could help reduce stress and control obesity -- a major health issue.

  • Husbands' hostile, anti-social behaviors increase wives' symptoms of depression, study shows
    While the causes of depression vary, a new study reveals that marital hostility is a contributing factor. Researchers found that husbands' hostile and anti-social behaviors increased their wives' symptoms of depression over time.

  • Low-income urban mothers have high rate of postpartum depression
    More than half of low-income urban mothers met the criteria for a diagnosis of depression at some point between two weeks and 14 months after giving birth, according to a new study.

  • Don't worry, be happy! Positive emotions protect against heart disease
    People who are usually happy, enthusiastic and content are less likely to develop heart disease than those who tend not to be happy, according to a major new study.

  • Building fit minds under stress
    A new study in which training was provided to a high-stress U.S. military group preparing for deployment to Iraq has demonstrated a positive link between mindfulness training, or MT, and improvements in mood and working memory.

  • Many veterans not getting enough treatment for PTSD
    There are still significant barriers to veterans getting a full course of PTSD treatment, according to new research.

  • Eczema in early childhood may influence mental health later
    Eczema in early childhood may influence behavior and mental health later in life.

  • Early life stress may predict cardiovascular disease
    Early life stress could be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adulthood, researchers report.

  • Depression and lack of concentration do not necessarily go together
    A recent review has found that depression does not always lead to memory problems or difficulties concentrating.

  • New proposed changes posted for leading manual of mental disorders: Draft diagnostic criteria for DSM-5
    The American Psychiatric Association has released the proposed draft diagnostic criteria for the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The draft criteria represent content changes under consideration for DSM, which is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health and other health professionals, and is used for diagnostic and research purposes.

  • Depressed people feel more gray than blue
    People with anxiety and depression are most likely to use a shade of gray to represent their mental state. Researchers describe the development of a color chart, the Manchester Color Wheel, which can be used to study people's preferred pigment in relation to their state of mind.

  • Financial hardship contributes to diagnosis anxiety
    Women with medium or low levels of income are more susceptible to anxiety and depression after ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosis.

  • High sensitivity to stress isn't always bad for children
    Researchers looked at 338 kindergarteners, as well as their teachers and families, to determine how family adversity and biological reactivity contribute to healthy development. They found that children who had significantly stronger biological reactions to a series of mildly stressful tasks designed to look like challenges in their daily lives were more affected by their family contexts, both bad and good.

  • Early abuse tied to more depression in children
    A study of 500 low-income children ages 7 to 13, about half of whom had been abused and/or neglected, aimed to find out whether abuse early in life and feelings of depression affected cortisol ("stress hormone") levels. Study results suggest that there are different subtypes of depression, with atypical cortisol regulation occurring among children who were abused before age 5.

  • Moms' depression in pregnancy tied to antisocial behavior in teens
    Researchers studying 120 British youth from inner-city areas found that mothers who became depressed when pregnant were four times as likely to have children who were violent at 16. This was true for both boys and girls. The mothers' depression, in turn, was predicted by their own aggressive and disruptive behavior as teens.

  • Melatonin precursor stimulates growth factor circuits in brain
    N-acetylserotonin, the immediate precursor to melatonin, activates the same growth circuits in the brain as BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor). The results have implications for how some antidepressants function and suggest that the molecules and pathways involved in mood regulation and circadian rhythms are intertwined.

  • Acupuncture found effective against depression during pregnancy
    Researchers have shown that acupuncture may be an effective treatment for depression during pregnancy.

  • Excessive Internet use is linked to depression
    People who spend a lot of time browsing the 'Net' are more likely to show depressive symptoms, according to the first large-scale study of its kind.

  • Severe complications of diabetes higher in depressed patients
    A prospective study of Group Health primary-care patients with diabetes in western Washington showed that depression raised the risks of advanced and severe complications from diabetes during a five-year follow-up. These complications include kidney failure or blindness, the result of small vessel damage, as well as major vessel problems leading to heart attack or stroke.

  • Scientists discover alterations in brain's reward system related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    Until now, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was related to alterations in the brain affecting attention and cognitive processes. Researchers in Spain have now discovered anomalies in the brain's reward system related to the neural circuits of motivation and gratification. In children with ADHD, the degree of motivation when carrying out an activity is related to the immediacy with which the objectives of the activity are met. This would explain why their attention and hyperactivity levels differ depending on the tasks being carried out.

  • Exercise may increase volume in certain brain areas of patients with schizophrenia
    Potentially beneficial brain changes (an increase in the volume of an area known as the hippocampus) occur in response to exercise both in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, according to a report. The findings suggest that the brain retains some plasticity, or ability to adapt, even in those with psychotic disorders.

  • Neural processing differences in ADHD in individuals with and without prenatal alcohol exposure
    The adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on behavioral, cognitive, and social development can lead to a range of symptoms referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Attention and cognition problems seen in individuals with a history of prenatal alcohol exposure often resemble those linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). An assessment of these disorders has found that while children with FASD may meet the behavioral criteria for ADHD, their attention difficulties differ in subtle but important respects.

  • Brain arousal heightens sexual activity in male mice
    The most powerful sexual organ, it's said, is the brain. Now here's the evidence. New research shows that an overly excitable brain hastens sexual activity in male mice and increases their nervous energy, a finding that not only points to the existence of a central brain mechanism that gives rise to all behaviors but also begins to untangle the driving force behind all motivational and emotional states.

  • Many physicians not using established criteria when diagnosing major depressive disorder in patients, study finds
    A new study indicates that a majority of non-psychiatrist physicians and a substantial minority of psychiatrists reported that they often do not use the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition when diagnosing major depressive disorder in patients.

  • Hidden cost of schizophrenia
    People being treated for schizophrenia are more likely than the general population to have encounters with the criminal justice system in the US. A new study has shown that schizophrenia patients' involvement with the criminal justice system is primarily driven by their being victims of crime and that the average annual per-patient cost of involvement with the criminal justice system was $1429.

  • Caregivers of ICU patients are collateral damage of critical illness, say researchers
    Intensive care unit patients are not the only ones likely to be severely depressed in the aftermath of hospitalization. Family and friends who care for them often suffer emotional and social hardship, too, according to a prospective study that is the first to monitor patients and caregivers during a one-year period for predictors of depression and lifestyle disruption.